STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS, INCLUDING NANOTUBES, NANOWIRES, AND GRAPHENE

Abstract

Nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative class of materials with exceptional physical, chemical, and mechanical properties that arise from their nanoscale dimensions and high surface-to-volume ratios. Among the most extensively studied nanostructures are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanowires, and graphene, each offering unique advantages for technological and industrial applications. This study investigates the intrinsic properties and application potential of these nanomaterials through a combined review and comparative analysis of recent experimental and computational research. Carbon nanotubes demonstrate remarkable tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal transport capabilities, making them promising for nanoelectronics, structural composites, and energy storage devices. Nanowires, with their tunable electronic and optical properties, are integral in nanoscale transistors, sensors, and photonic devices. Graphene, characterized by its exceptional carrier mobility, high transparency, and mechanical flexibility, has shown significant potential in flexible electronics, transparent conductive films, and high-performance batteries. This paper further explores the fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and property-performance relationships of these nanomaterials, highlighting their role in advancing next-generation technologies. The findings underscore the importance of continued multidisciplinary research to overcome existing challenges, such as large-scale synthesis, defect control, and integration into functional devices.